This tissue, like the endometrium, bleeds during menstruation, which can lead to local inflammation of the peritoneum (abdominal lining) in the pelvis and consequently to the formation of endometriosis foci that cause various problems, such as abdominal pain that intensifies during menstruation, pain during sexual intercourse, and due to the formation of adhesions and immunological factors, infertility may also occur.

The most severe form is deep infiltrative endometriosis, which invades the bladder, ureters, and colon, severely impairing the quality of life for women due to very severe symptoms.

For diagnosis, a thorough gynecological examination and good ultrasound diagnostics are very important, especially in combination with an MRI of the pelvis and spine, as well as determining the CA125 marker in serum.

Treatment

Available therapies include hormonal preparations (contraceptives, progestogens, GnRH analogues) that inhibit the growth of endometriosis, NSAIDs, and other pain relief medications.

The best solution is laparoscopic excision of all endometriotic lesions. During surgery, it is extremely important that the first procedure is performed as radically and precisely as possible, removing or excising all visible endometriosis foci, as this is the only guarantee for improving the problems caused by this troublesome, chronic disease.